Espresso (Italian) is a flavourful coffee beverage brewed by forcing very hot, but not boiling, water under high pressure through coffee that has been ground to a consistency between extremely fine and powder. It was invented and has undergone development in Italy since the beginning of the 20th century, but up until the mid 1940s it was a beverage produced solely with steam pressure. The invention of the spring piston lever machine and its subsequent commercial success changed espresso into the beverage we know of today, produced with between 9 and 10 atmospheres, or bars, of pressure.
The qualitative definition of espresso includes a thicker consistency than drip coffee, a higher amount of dissolved solids than drip coffee per relative volume, and a serving size that is usually measured in shots. Espresso is chemically complex and volatile, with many of its chemical components degrading from oxidation or loss of temperature. A distinguishing factor of properly brewed espresso is the presence of crema, a reddish-brown foam which floats on the surface of the espresso. It is composed of vegetable oils, proteins and sugars. Crema has elements of both emulsion and foam colloid.
As a result of the high-pressure brewing process, all of the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of coffee are concentrated. Some people prefer a single or double shot instead of one or two cups of coffee to get a quick shot of caffeine. Also, because of its intense and highly concentrated ingredients (including caffeine) espresso lends itself to mixing into other coffee based drinks, such as lattes, cappuccinos, macchiatos, and mochas, without the need to overly dilute the resulting drink.
More on [ Espresso ]

Coffee: Resources for home espresso - Resources for home espresso
Home Espresso FAQ - David Bogie covers a variety of topics related to home machines.
Meta Description: [ An FAQ telling you everything you've ever wanted to know about making espresso at home. ]
Caffe.it - Information about the history, variety, and production of coffee.
Choosing a Home Espresso Machine - Buying guide from About.com for multiple kinds of espresso machines with tips, reviews, and price guidelines.
Meta Description: [ The differences between the types of home espresso machines, and their pros and cons. Pump, steam, piston or lever and moka pots. ]
CoffeeFun.com - An espresso and coffee discussion board about espresso machines, coffe grinders and roasteries.
Meta Description: [ The best rated commercial & home coffee machines, coffee grinders and coffee ]
Espresso Machine Mod - Ready Indicator for the Rancilio Rialto Espresso Machine
Espresso Top 50 - A listing of the top espresso web sites and bestselling books related to espresso and coffee. Both lists updated weekly.
Meta Description: [ The original listing of the top 50 Espresso web sites. ]
Espresso! My Espresso! - An Internet novelette that chronicles one man's travels to espresso-induced nirvana.
Meta Description: [ A novel documenting one man's journey into and through the world of coffee, and the ongoing quest for the perfect espresso at home. ]
Espressomachine.ws - Worldwide listing of links to manufacturers and dealers of machines.
Gurus.net - Instructions and comments on how to use a La Pavoni manual lever-piston home espresso machine to make excellent espresso coffee.
Meta Description: [ Instructions and comments on how to use a La Pavoni manual lever-piston home espresso machine to make excellent espresso coffee. ]
Home-Barista.com - Espresso equipment reviews, how-tos, and discussion forum dedicated to the home espresso enthusiast.
HowStuffWorks: Espresso Machines - Photographic narrative tour shows how the machines operate.
Meta Description: [ Espresso, cappuccino, latte, double latte, double mocha latte... Espresso drinks have become coffee-shop staples all over the world. Watch us take apart an espresso machine! ]
Lair of The Chrome Peacock - A web site about Pavoni home espresso makers.
Mostly Italian Coffee - Includes information about machines and terminology. Also contains a list of links to producers.
Meta Description: [ Great place for links to real italian caffè plus ordinary coffee as well. Coffee lingo and espresso machines. Also in swedish. ]
Open Coffee Library - The Official Library for the Gourmet Coffee Lover
Meta Description: [ The Official Library for the Gourmet Coffee Lover ]
Open Coffee Library ~ RSS Feed - Most recent entries of the Open Coffee Library Project are updated daily and contain links, quotations and news to espresso-related topics.
Pavoni Express - Detailed instructions about how to operate, maintain, and repair La Pavoni machines.
Meta Description: [ The most comprehensive look at operating, maintaining, and repairing your la Pavoni Espresso Machine. ]
Pulling Your Pavoni - Offers information about how to use the La Pavoni Europiccola.
Meta Description: [ How to get wonderful espresso from the Pavoni Europiccola ]
Sweet Maria's - La Pavoni lever model tips.
The Espresso Guy - An enthusiast shares his articles and recipes. Also contains a discussion forum.
The Story of Bialetti's Moka Express: An Italian Icon - An historical overview of the most popular stovetop espresso maker created by Alfonso Bialetti in 1933
Meta Description: [ The taste of the Coffee Bar in the Home: Reliving an Italian Revolution. A historical overview of the stovetop espresso maker. ]
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