Gourt > Recreation > Guns > Shotguns and Smoothbores (4)
Smoothbore refers to a firearm or cannon which does not have a rifled barrel.
History of firearms and rifling
Early firearms had smooth barrels, and fired projectiles with no significant spin. These projectiles had to be stable shapes, such as finned arrows or spheres, to minimize tumbling during flight. However, spherical bullets do tend to rotate randomly during flight, and the Magnus effect means that even a relatively smooth sphere will curve when rotating on any axis not parallel to the direction of travel (see knuckleball for an example of intentional random tumbling).
Rifling imparts a spin to the projectile, which stabilizes it and prevents it from tumbling. This does two things; first, it increases the accuracy of the projectile by eliminating the random drift due to the Magnus effect, and second, it allows longer, heavier bullets to be used from the same diameter barrel, increasing range and power (see external ballistics). In the 18th century, the standard infantry arm was the smoothbore musket; by the 19th century, rifled barrels became the norm, increasing the power and range of the infantry weapon signficantly.
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