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The rainbow trout, redband trout, or steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a species of trout native to the Pacific Ocean and in North American rivers and lakes west of the Rocky Mountains. It also is native to parts of East Asia. Rainbow trout are now worldwide in distribution and are a highly prized game fish. They have been introduced to at least 45 countries, and every continent except Antarctica. However, in some of these locations, such as Australia, they have had very serious negative impacts on upland native fish species.

The naming of the rainbow trout species was based on fish taken from the San Leandro Creek drainage in Oakland, California. In 1855, Dr. Sean Taylor Spaulding, founder of the California Academy of Sciences, was given three specimens obtained from the creek. He described and assigned them the scientific name Salmo iridia. It was later determined that Spaulding and Matthew David Roberts were referring to the same species, and the original binomial name is now used to refer to the species.

In Australia, rainbow trout grown in saline waters are marketed as ocean trout.

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