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Genetic fingerprinting, DNA testing, DNA typing, and DNA profiling are techniques used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only samples of their DNA. Its invention by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester was announced in 1985. Two humans will have the vast majority of their DNA sequence in common. Genetic fingerprinting exploits highly variable repeating sequences called microsatellites. Two unrelated humans will be likely to have different numbers of microsatellites at a given locus. By using PCR to detect the number of repeats at several loci, it is possible to establish a match that is extremely unlikely to have arisen by coincidence, except in the case of identical twins, who will have identical genetic profiles.

Genetic fingerprinting is used in forensic science, to match suspects to samples of blood, hair, saliva or semen. It has also led to several exonerations of formerly convicted suspects. It is also used in such applications as studying populations of wild animals, paternity testing, identifying dead bodies, and establishing the province or composition of foods. It has also been used to generate hypotheses on the pattern of the human diaspora in prehistoric times.

Testing is subject to the legal code of the jurisdiction in which it is performed. Usually the testing is voluntary, but it can be made compulsory by such instruments as a search warrant or court order. Several jurisdictions have also begun to assemble databases containing DNA information of convicts.

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Canine Genetic Primer - An article by Susan Thorpe-Vargas with a basic information about canine genetics, including why to test, details about the canine genome, and breeding.
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DNA Fingerprinting of Canines - Describes the reasons and uses of DNA Fingerprinting.
Meta Description: [ asca.org ]

Genetic Concerns - Overview of progress in developing DNA marker tests for various canine genetic disorders.
Meta Description: [ Cairn Terrier information,Rose Croft Cairn Terriers, breeder of Best in Show and Specialty winning Cairn Terriers with great temperaments, show results, Breed standard, photo's, cairn's for sale ]

HealthGene Corp. - DNA testing for canine color inheritance and genetic diseases.
Meta Description: [ HealthGene Corporation is a molecular diagnostic and research center that provides DNA testing for humans and animals. ]

Mythunderstanding DNA Tests - Answers some frequently asked questions about DNA testing.
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Parentage Verification - DNA typing and verification services from the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at UC Davis.

Practical Genetic Counseling - Overview of genetic counseling in purebred breeds, from the US Kerry Blue Terrier Club.
Meta Description: [ The United States Official and most complete award winning web site about Kerry Blue Terriers. It has many illustrated stories about life with a Kerry, plenty of interesting and fun things about Kerries, and their owners. This site is updated daily. ]

VetGen - Purebred animal genetic (DNA) disease testing and profiling for dogs and horses. Includes list of services and company information.
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