In amateur radio, QRP operation means transmitting at reduced power levels. The term QRP derives from the Q code where "QRP?" was used to mean, "Question: shall I Reduce my Power?".
There is not complete agreement on what constitutes QRP power. While most agree that for CW, power levels should be held at, or below, 5 watts, power levels for voice are not always agreed upon. Some believe levels should be held below 10 watts, while others strongly hold that, like the digital modes, the power limit is 5 watts. QRPers are known to use even less than five watts, sometimes operating with as little as 100 milliwatts or even less. Extremely low power -- 1 watt and below -- is often referred to by hobbyists as QRPp. Commercial transceivers designed to operate at or near QRP power levels have been available for many years, but some QRPers prefer to design and build their own equipment, either from kits or from scratch. On the other hand, many of the larger, more powerful commercial transceivers permit the operator to lower their output level to QRP levels.
Most amateur radio operators use between 50 and 120 watts of power. However this isn't always necessary. When it's not, doing so wastes power, increases the likelihood of causing interference to nearby televisions, radios, and telephones and, for United States' amateurs, violates an FCC Part 97 rule which states that one must use, "the minimum power necessary to carry out the desired communications."
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