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Automation (ancient Greek: = self dictated) or industrial automation or numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes, replacing human operators. In the scope of industrialization, it is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
History of automation
Early machines were simple machines that substituted one form of effort with a more humanly manageable effort, as lifting a large weight with a system of pulleys or a lever. Later machines were also able to substitute natural forms of renewable energy, such as wind, tides, or flowing water, for human energy. The sailboat replaced the paddled or oared boat. Still later, early forms of automation were driven by clock type mechanisms or similar devices using some form of artificial power source— a wound-up spring, channelled flowing water, or steam— to produce some simple, repetitive action, such as moving figures, making music, or playing games. Such early moving devices, featuring human-like figures, were known as automatons and date from perhaps 300 BC). In 1801, the patent was issued for the automated loom using punched cards. This invention by Joseph Marie Jacquard revolutionized the textile industry.
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Traffic Control Intelligent Systems
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FREE A.1. Steak Sauce Favorite Recipes booklet. Just call the automated toll-free number 1-888-217-8325 and Press... http://bit.ly/7t7JP
satopblog (nancy) Sat, 07 Nov 2009 02:12:07 -0000
FREE A.1. Steak Sauce Favorite Recipes booklet. Just call the automated toll-free number 1-888-217-8325 and Press... http://bit.ly/7t7JP
E-Z Pass - Electronic toll collection system that is common in the Northeast U.S., based in New Jersey.
Meta Description: [ E-ZPass New Jersey Service Centers' website. Online access to your account, online E-ZPass Application, Road and Travel Conditions, FAQ's, and participating E-ZPass facilities.
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Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission - Authority for the Angus L. Macdonald and A. Murray MacKay Bridges that connect Halifax to Dartmouth in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Highway Toll Administration - Provides electronic toll collection services. Site includes client information.
HowStuffWorks: How E-ZPass Works - Fully illustrated tutorial explains E-Zpass, an electronic toll-collection system consisting of a 900-MHz band car transponder, antenna, lane controller, LAN and host computer system.
Meta Description: [ Ever wonder how those other drivers just zip on through the toll booths? Learn how E-ZPass tracks moving cars and collects toll fares. ]
HowStuffWorks: How Intelligent Highways Will Work - Graphic narrative shows the future freeway's new, cheaper technology and explains how ubiquitous digital devices will aid in easing our traffic woes, perhaps using triangulation.
Meta Description: [ If you were on the road for the holidays, you probably spent some time staring at the bumper in front of you. Can you imagine a world without gridlock? Learn about some high-tech traffic management. ]
International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association - Alliance of toll operators and associated industries. Includes news and resources.
M-TAG - Electronic toll collection system for bridges and tunnels in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
MACPASS - Automated Toll Collection System - Service available for crossing of various bridges in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Site includes FAQ, price information, and application forms.
Roam - Electronic toll collection system used around Sydney, Australia, including on the M7. Includes e-TAG and e-PASS transponder information.
Meta Description: [ Roam Tolling offers e tag, e-tag, electronic tag and e-pass, epass, pass toll payment options for electronic tolling on toll roads in Sydney, NSW, as well as all toll roads, bridges and tunnels in Australia. Roam is owned by Transurban Group. Roam is the preferred choice for Westlink M7 and M2 Hi... ]
Toll Facilities in the United States - Full and partial lists with details, courtesy the Federal Highway Administration.
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Tollroads - Gives brief details about certain U.S. facilities.
TollRoadsNews - Online private newsletter providing information and commentary.
Traffic Technologies, Incorporated - Consultants for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Has links to clients.
Meta Description: [ Intelligent Transportation Systems Consultants ]
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